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Prove that two lines in R3 intersect and determine the points of intersection

Let

    \[ P = (1,1,1), \qquad Q = (2,1,0). \]

Consider the lines L_1 and L_2 where L_1 is the line through P parallel to A = (1,2,3) and L_2 is the line through Q parallel to B = (3,8,13). Prove that these two lines intersect and determine the point of intersection.


Proof. We have

    \begin{align*}  L_1 = L(P;A) &= \{ (1+t, 1+2t, 1+3t) \mid t \in \mathbb{R} \} \\  L_2 = L(Q;B) &= \{ (2+3s, 1+8s, 13s) \mid s \in \mathbb{R} \}.  \end{align*}

Then if L_1 and L_2 intersect we must have s,t \in \mathbb{R} such that

    \begin{align*}  1+t &= 2+3s \\  1+2t &= 1+8s \\  1+3t &= 13s. \end{align*}

From the second equation we have t - 4s =0 which implies t = 4s. Plugging this into the first equation we then have -3s + 4s - 1 = 0 which implies s = 1. Therefore, t = 4. Then we check these values of s,t satisfy the third equation,

    \[ 1+3t = 1+12 = 13 = 13(1) = 13s.\]

So, the point of intersection is (1+t, 1+2t, 1+3t) = (2+3s, 1+8s, 13s) = (5,9,13). \qquad \blacksquare

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