For any we denote the greatest integer less than or equal to
by
. Prove the following properties of the function
:
-
for any integer
.
-
-
or
.
-
.
-
.
- Proof. Let
for some integer
. Then,
But, we defined
. Thus,
for any
- Proof. If
, then
for some
. Hence,
and
On the other hand, if
, then let
. This gives us,
- Proof. Let
and
, then we have
So, adding, we obtain,
Thus,
- Proof. By part (c) we have,
If
, then let
,
Thus,
.
On the other hand, if, then let
, and
Thus,
- Proof. By part (c) we have
And,
So, putting these together we have,
If
, then, let
, so
Thus,
.
Next, if, then let
, giving us,
Thus,
Finally, if
, then let
, and we have
So,
Why in the (b) part -[x] – 1 < -x [-x] = -[x] – 1 when it’s clearly written that -x > -[x] – 1?
And why in the 1st half of the (d) part adding 1/2 doesn’t change the inequality sign for the left side? In other words, why while x >= n, x + 1/2 is still >= n? It should be x + 1/2 > n always, or x + 1/2 >= n+1/2.
Then, if my comment is correct, returning to the first part of my question, how can it be that
[x + 1/2] = n when x + 1/2 > n clearly?
Alternatively, you can use the idea of a partition. It is easy to show that for each “jump” the value of the function always increases by one. Therefore, you only have to prove that the function values are the same for a certain initial value, and that the partition is equivalent.
Awesome proofs good. Can i have any clue for proving box(x/n)=box(box(x)/n)
Hello,
I think proof (b) is wrong, when you multiplied by (-1) you did not multiply n. Here is they way i proved it:
[x]<x multiplying by -1
-[x]>-x>-[x]-1 Now we proved that -[x]-1 is less than -x.
What remains to be proved is that (-[x] – 1) is both an integer and the maximum integer < -x
The first one is quite obvious and the second one can be proved by absurd
BTW, thks for your blog, is helping a lot with my calculus!
On the b proof, on the line that says -n-1<-x<n shouldn't that n be negative since im assuming you multiplied all by -1?
And can i ask why you pick -n-1 and equate it with the [-x] i dont get that step.
Thanks in advance
Also on c how did you get the m+n+1 from the m+n+2, can you just take that like that?
I dont think you can because thats a segment on a line and you cant know that x+y is not on the m+n+1 to m+n+2 segment.
Maybe thats a dumb question but i thought i should ask anyway XD
@Sebastian: Your query can be dealt within two cases:
CASE:1 When x+y is in between m+n and m+n+1,then [x+y]=m+n=[x]+[y].
CASE:2 When x+y is in between m+n+1 and m+n+2,then [x+y]=m+n+1=[x]+[y]+1
Just to point out a typo. In section \emph{e}, right after the line “If
…” where you define the first inequality, the right side of the inequality says
instead of
, as well as the next line after that one. And after that everything else is fine.
Thanks! Fixed now.
In part E, on the second case you handle ([x] +[x] +[x]+1), your first inequality has 3x between 3n+1 and 3n+1, so I figured it was a typo.